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| SHMI-HIGHER SECONDARY |
TENSE
Tense comes from a latin word “Tempus” which means time.
Tense : a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action or state in relation to the time of speaking.
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| Types of Tense |
TENSE
PRESENT حال PAST ماضی FUTURE مستقبل
Each tense is further divided into four parts i.e;
1. Simple ( indefinite)
2. Continuous (progressive )
3. Perfect
4. Perfect continuous (perfect progressive)
PRESENT TENSE
1. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE ( تی، تے تا)
SUB + IST FORM OF VERB (BASE FORM / S FORM )+OBJECT
For making questions we use:
Do/does with base form of verb
1ST PERSON SINGULAR-I
1.I go there. Affirmative Sentence +ive
میں وہاں جاتا ہوں۔
2.Do I go there? Interrogative Sentence
کیا میں وہاں جاتا ہوں؟
3.I do not go there Negative Sentence-ive
میں وہاں نہیں جاتا ہوں۔
4.Do I not go there? Interrogative Sentence-ive
کیاں میں وہاں نہیں جاتا ہوں؟
5.Don’t I go there ? stressive
نہیں جاتا ہوں میں وہاں؟
2ND PERSON SINGULAR
1. We eat food.
ہم کھانا کھاتے ہیں۔
2. Do we eat food?
کیا ہم کھانا کھاتے ہیں۔
3. We do not eat food.
ہم کھانا نہیں کھاتے ہیں۔
4. Do we not eat food?
کیا ہم کھانا نہیں کھاتے ہیں؟
5. Don't we eat food?
نہیں کھاتے ہیں ہم کھانا؟
Usage of Present Indefinite:
It is used in daily routine habitual action and universal truth/fact
Daily routine e.g:
1. I go to school daily.
2. I get up early in the morning
Habitual action e.g;
1. He speakers very fast
2. He brushes his teeth everyday
3. She talks loudly.
4. He respects the elders
Universal facts
1. The earth moves around the sun
2. Two and two makes four.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
SUB + IS/AM/ARE +ING FORM OF VERB + OBJECT.
ہے،ہیں،ہوں۔
رہے، رہی، رہا
At the time of speaking the action is going on.e.g:
1st person singular-I
1. I am running۔ +ive
میں دوڑ رہا ہوں۔
2. Am I running?
کیا میں دوڑ رہا ہوں؟
3. I am not running۔ -ive
میں دوڑ نہیں رہا ہوں۔
4. Am I not running? -ive
کیا میں دوڑ نہیں رہا ہوں؟
5. Amn’t I running ? -ive , stressive
نہیں دوڑ رہا ہوں میں؟
1st person Plural-we
1. we are eating food.
ہم کھانا کھارہے ہیں۔
2. Are we eating food?
کیا ہم کھانا کھارہے ہیں؟
3. we are not eating food.
ہم کھانا نہیں کھارہے ہیں۔
4. Are we not eating food?
کیا ہم کھانا نہیں کھارہے ہیں؟
5. Are we not eating food?
نہیں کھارہے ہیں ہم کھانا؟
2nd Person Singular-You
1. You are playing cricket.
آپ کرکٹ کھیل رہے ہو۔
2. Are you playing cricket?
کیا آپ کرکٹ کھیل رہے ہو؟
3. You are not playing cricket۔
آپ کرکٹ نہیں کھیل رہے ہو۔
4. Are you not playing cricket?
کیا آپ کرکٹ نہیں کھیل رہے ہو؟
5. Aren't you playing cricket?
نہیں کھیل رہے ہو آپ کرکٹ؟
3rd Person Singular-It
1. It is raining +ive
بارش ہورہی ہے۔
2. is it raining ?
کیا بارش ہورہی ہے؟
3. It is not raining -ive
بارش نہیں ہورہی ہے۔
4. Is it not raining? –ive
کیا بارش نہیں ہرہی ہے؟
5. Isn’t it raining ? –ive , stressive
نہیں ہورہی ہے بارش؟
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
SUB + HAVE /HAS + 3RD FORM OF VERB +OBJECT
The present perfect tense is defined as “the form of the verb used for actions or events that have been completed or have happened in a period of time up to now."
It denotes recently finished action
،یی،یے،یا
e.g;
1ST PERSON SINGULAR-I
1.I have completed work.
میں نے کام مکمل کیا ہے۔
2. Have I completed work?
کیا میں نے کام مکمل کیا ہے؟
3. I have not completed work.
میں نے کام مکمل نہیں کیا ہے۔
4. Have I not completed work?
کیا میں نے کام مکمل نہیں کیا ہے؟
5. Haven't I completed work?
نہیں کیا ہے میں نے مکمل کام؟
3RD PERSON SINGULAR-IT
1. It has rained +ive
بارش ہویی ہے۔
2. Has it rained?
کیا بارش ہویی ہے؟
3. It has not rained. -ive
بارش نہیں ہویی ہے۔
4. Has it not rained? -ive
کیا بارش نہیں ہویی ہے؟
5. Hasn’t it rained? -ive , stressive
نہیں ہویی ہے بارش؟
3rd person plural-They
1. They have written letter. +ive
انہوں نے خط لکھا ہیں۔
2. Have they written letter?
کیا انہوں نے خط لکھا ہیں؟
3. They have not written letter.
انہوں نے خط نہیں لکھا ہیں۔
4. Have they not written letter? -ive
کیا انہوں نے خط نہیں لکھاہیں؟
5. Haven’t they written letter? stressive
نہیں لکھا ہیں انہوں نے خط؟
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
SUB + HAVE /HAS + BEEN + ING (SINCE /FOR )
It denotes that action which is going on & also denotes point of time or period of time
e.g:
1ST PERSON SINGULAR-I
1. I have been learning this question for one hour.
میں ایک گنٹے سے یہ سوال یاد کررہا ہوں
2. Have I been learning this question for one hour?
کیا میں ایک گنٹے سے یہ سوال یاد کر رہا ہوں؟
3. I have not been learning this question for one hour.
میں ایک گنٹے سے یہ سوال یاد نہیں کر رہا ہوں۔
4. Have I not been learning this question for one hour?
کیا میں ایک گنٹے سے یہ سوال یاد نہیں کر رہا ہوں؟
5. Haven't I been learning this question for one hour?
نہیں کر رہا ہوں میں ایک گنٹے سے یہ سوال یاد؟
3RD PERSON SINGULAR-IT
1. It has been raining since morning +ive
بارش صبح سے ہو رہی ہے۔
2. Has it been raining since morning? +ive
کیا بارش صبح سے ہو رہی ہے؟
3. It has not been raining since morning.
بارش صبح سے نہیں ہر رہی ہے۔
4. Has it not been raining since morning?
کیا بارش صبح سے نہیں ہو رہی ہے؟
5. Hasn’t it been raining since morning.
نہیں ہو رہی ہے صبح سے بارش؟
DEFINITION:- It is used to show that something started in the past & has continued up until now.
SINCE FOR
Point of time (starting)کب سے Period of time کتنے وقت سے
10:00 O’clock 2- hours
Morning , Yesterday 3-weaks
March , Jan few, many some long time
Childhood, 8th class
Than تب سے
PAST TENSE
PAST SIMPLE
SUB + 2ND FORM OF VERB+ OBJECT
FOR MAKING QUESTIONS WE USE
DID + BASE FORM OF VERB
e.g;
1ST PERSON SINGULAR-I
1. I went there yesterday +iveمیں وہاں کل گیا
2. Did I go there yesterday?کیا میں وہاں کل گیا
3. I did not go there yesterday -ive میں وہاں کل نہیں گیا
4. Did I not go there yesterday? -ive کیا میں وہاں کل نہیں گیا
5. Didn’t I go there yesterdayنہیں گیا کل میں وہاں
3RD PERSON SINGULAR-SHE
1. She torn my clothes اس نے میرے کپڑے پھاڑے
2. Did she tear my clothes?کیا اس نے میرے کپڑے پھاڑے
3. She did not tear my clothes -ive اس نے میرے کپڑے نہیں پھاڑے
4. did she not tear my clothes کیا اس نے میرے کپڑے نہیں پھاڑے
5. Didn’t she tear my clothes -ive , stressive نہیں پھاڑے اس نے میرے کپڑے
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
SUB + WAS/WERE + ING FORM OF VERB + OBJECT
It denotes that action which was going on or continue in the past time
رہی رہے - تھا تھی تھے رہا
1. It was raining بارش ہو رہی تھی
2. was it raining کیا بارش ہو رہی تھی
3. It was not raining بارش نہیں ہو رہی تھی
4. was it not raining کیا بارش نہیں ہو رہی تھی
5. Wasn’t it raining نہیں ہو رہی تھی بارش
PAST PERFECT TENSE
SUB + HAD + 3RD FORM OF VERB + OBJECT - تھا تھی تھے
It denotes that action which was completed at that time . It is also called past of past
1. I had done it +ive میں نے یہ کیا تھا
2. Had I done it ?کیا میں نے یہ کیا تھا
3. I had not done it -ive میں نے یہ نہیں کیا تھا
4. Had I not done it? -ive کیا میں نے یہ نہیں کیا تھا
5. Hadn’t I done it?-ive نہیں کیا تھا میں نے یہ
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SUB + HAD BEEN + ING + OBJECT (SINCE /FOR)
It denotes that action which was going on at that time and also denotes period of time or starting time of an action .
1. I had been waiting for an hour ایک گھنٹے سے انتطار کر رہا تھا میں
2. Had I been waiting for an hourکیا میں ایک گھنٹے سے انتطار کر رہا تھا
3. I had not been waiting for an hour ایک گھنٹے سے انتطار نہیں کر رہا تھا میں
4. Had I not been waiting for an hour ? -ive ایک گھنٹے سے انتطار نہیں کر رہا تھا میں کیا
5. Hadn’t I been waiting for an hour نہیں کر رہا تھا میں ایک گھنٹے سے انتظار
COMBINATION OF PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS
1. when I went there she was weeping جب میں وہاں گیا، وہ رو رہی تھی
2. When I reached there, they were working جب میں وہاں پہنچا، وہ کام کر رہے تھے
3. When you called me, I was driving a car. جب تم نے مجھے فون کیا، میں گاڑی چلا رہا تھا
COMBINATION OF PAST SIMPLE AND PAST PERFECT
1. When I went there, she had wept جب میں وہاں گیا ، وہ رویی تھی
2. when I reached there, they had finished the workجب میں وہاں پہنچا ، انہوں نے کام ختم کیا تھا
3. When you called me, I had driven a carجب تم نے مجھے فون کیا، میں نے گاڑی چلای تھی
FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE SIMPLE
SUB + WILL + BASE FORM + OBJECT ( گے گیگا )
1. I will eat food +ive
2. Will I eat food?
3. I will not eat food -ive
4. Will I not eat food
5. Won’t I eat food? -ive , stressive
USAGE
1. We often use the future simple to make a prediction about the future.
It will rain tomorrow
People will not go to supiter
It is used to express an action which has not occurred yet and will occur in future.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
SUB + WILL BE + ING + OBJECT رہا ، رہی ، رہے گا گے گی
1ST PERSON PLURAL-WE
1. We will be enjoying on his birthday.
2. Will we be enjoying on his birthday?
3. we will not be enjoying on his birthday.
4. Will we not be enjoying on his birthday?
5. Won't we be enjoying on his birthday?
3RD PERSON SINGULAR-IT
1. It will be raining +ive بارش ہورہی ہوگی
2. Will it be raining ?کیا بارش ہورہی ہوگی
3. It will not be raining بارش نہیں ہو رہی ہوگی
4. Will it not be raining کیا بارش نہیں ہورہی ہوگی
5. Won’t it be raining ? -ive , stressive نہیں ہو رہی ہوگی بارش
USAGE
1. It is used to express on ongoing action in future
e.g. I will be waiting for you
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
SUB + WILL HAVE + 3RD FORM OF VERB + OBJECT
The future perfect tense denotes an action will be completed at some point of time in future.
e.g: He will have finished his work by Monday.
2. Will he have finished his work by Monday
3. He will not have finished his work by Monday
4. Will he not have finished his work by Monday
5. Won’t he have finished his work by Monday.
USAGE
1. It is used to express an action which is thought to be completed in future.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
SUB + WILL HAVE BEEN + ING + OBJECT(SINCE /FOR)
It is used to denote an action that will have been going on at, or before some point of time in future.
The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the future perfect progressive, is a verb tense that describes actions that will continue up until a point in the future.
e.g:
1st Person singular-I
1. I will have been doing my work for two hours.
2. Will I have been doing my work for two hours?
3. I will not have been doing my work for two hours.
4. Will I not have been doing my work for two hours?
5. Won't I have been doing my work for two hours?
1st Person Plural-we
1.we will have been preparing since 10 o'clock.
2. Will we have been preparing since 10 o'clock?
3. We will not have been preparing since 10 o'clock.
4. Will we not have been preparing since 10 o'clock?
5. Won't we have been preparing since 10 o'clock?
2nd Person Singular-You
1. You will have been participating in this game for several years
2. will you have been participating in this game for several years?
3. you will not have been participating in this game for several years.
4. will you not have been participating in this game for several years?
5. won't you have been participating in this game for several years?
3rd person singular-HE
1. He will have been reciting prayer since morning.
2. Will he have been reciting prayer since morning?
3. He will not have been reciting prayer since morning.
4. Will he not have been reciting prayer since morning?
5. Won't he have been reciting prayer since morning?
USAGE
1. it is used to express a continued or ongoing action that will start in future and is thought to be continued till sometime
COMPILED BY:
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| ARSHID BHAT |
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